SQL (TypeORM)

This chapter applies only to TypeScript

Warning In this article, you'll learn how to create a DatabaseModule based on the TypeORM package from scratch using custom providers mechanism. As a consequence, this solution contains a lot of overhead that you can omit using ready to use and available out-of-the-box dedicated @nestjs/typeorm package. To learn more, see here.

TypeORM is definitely the most mature Object Relational Mapper (ORM) available in the node.js world. Since it's written in TypeScript, it works pretty well with the Nest framework.

Getting started

To start the adventure with this library we have to install all required dependencies:

$ npm install --save typeorm mysql2

The first step we need to do is to establish the connection with our database using new DataSource().initialize() class imported from the typeorm package. The initialize() function returns a Promise, and therefore we have to create an async provider.

@@filename(database.providers)
import { DataSource } from 'typeorm';

export const databaseProviders = [
  {
    provide: 'DATA_SOURCE',
    useFactory: async () => {
      const dataSource = new DataSource({
        type: 'mysql',
        host: 'localhost',
        port: 3306,
        username: 'root',
        password: 'root',
        database: 'test',
        entities: [
            __dirname + '/../**/*.entity{.ts,.js}',
        ],
        synchronize: true,
      });

      return dataSource.initialize();
    },
  },
];

warning Warning Setting synchronize: true shouldn't be used in production - otherwise you can lose production data.

info Hint Following best practices, we declared the custom provider in the separated file which has a *.providers.ts suffix.

Then, we need to export these providers to make them accessible for the rest of the application.

@@filename(database.module)
import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { databaseProviders } from './database.providers';

@Module({
  providers: [...databaseProviders],
  exports: [...databaseProviders],
})
export class DatabaseModule {}

Now we can inject the DATA_SOURCE object using @Inject() decorator. Each class that would depend on the DATA_SOURCE async provider will wait until a Promise is resolved.

Repository pattern

The TypeORM supports the repository design pattern, thus each entity has its own Repository. These repositories can be obtained from the database connection.

But firstly, we need at least one entity. We are going to reuse the Photo entity from the official documentation.

@@filename(photo.entity)
import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn } from 'typeorm';

@Entity()
export class Photo {
  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
  id: number;

  @Column({ length: 500 })
  name: string;

  @Column('text')
  description: string;

  @Column()
  filename: string;

  @Column('int')
  views: number;

  @Column()
  isPublished: boolean;
}

The Photo entity belongs to the photo directory. This directory represents the PhotoModule. Now, let's create a Repository provider:

@@filename(photo.providers)
import { DataSource } from 'typeorm';
import { Photo } from './photo.entity';

export const photoProviders = [
  {
    provide: 'PHOTO_REPOSITORY',
    useFactory: (dataSource: DataSource) => dataSource.getRepository(Photo),
    inject: ['DATA_SOURCE'],
  },
];

warning Warning In the real-world applications you should avoid magic strings. Both PHOTO_REPOSITORY and DATA_SOURCE should be kept in the separated constants.ts file.

Now we can inject the Repository<Photo> to the PhotoService using the @Inject() decorator:

@@filename(photo.service)
import { Injectable, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { Photo } from './photo.entity';

@Injectable()
export class PhotoService {
  constructor(
    @Inject('PHOTO_REPOSITORY')
    private photoRepository: Repository<Photo>,
  ) {}

  async findAll(): Promise<Photo[]> {
    return this.photoRepository.find();
  }
}

The database connection is asynchronous, but Nest makes this process completely invisible for the end-user. The PhotoRepository is waiting for the db connection, and the PhotoService is delayed until repository is ready to use. The entire application can start when each class is instantiated.

Here is a final PhotoModule:

@@filename(photo.module)
import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { DatabaseModule } from '../database/database.module';
import { photoProviders } from './photo.providers';
import { PhotoService } from './photo.service';

@Module({
  imports: [DatabaseModule],
  providers: [
    ...photoProviders,
    PhotoService,
  ],
})
export class PhotoModule {}

info Hint Do not forget to import the PhotoModule into the root AppModule.